ࡱ> b_`af( / 0LDTimes New Roman|aybb0bWo 0 ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( \    "#T\ah~$5BCP  !%&'()*+,-./012346789:;<=>?@ADEFGHIJKLMNOQRSUVWXYZ[]^_`bcdefgijkwxyz{|}lmnopqrstuvc $0 f@{uʚ;2Nʚ;g43d3d0bppp@ <4!d!d 0bhbyb<4dddd 0bhbyb <4BdBd4b. 0bP|b?L$ 8Created by T.L. Moore, MGCCCO =ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY6LBONES & CARTILAGES OF THE HEAD AND NECK Left click your mouse to continue.M(#% DIRECTIONSWThis slide show presentation is designed to function like flash cards. To check your answer, and/or to move on to the next slide, simply left click your mouse. Some of the material presented in these tables is contained in the book: MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest and Jaye Schlesinger Published by ILOC, Inc., New York. Copyright 1995. ,XZ^> 7CARTILAGE: arytenoid$  =Description: a pyramid shaped cartilage located on the superior margin of the cricoid lamina Notes: paired; each is connected to the epiglottis above via the aryepiglottic m. and to the thyroid cartilage anteriorly via the vocal ligament; paired arytenoid cartilages are pulled together (adducted) by the arytenoid m.>>bMH  1 CARTILAGE: corniculate $  Description: a small cartilage located on the apex of the arytenoid cartilage Notes: corniculate cartilage is found in the base of the aryepiglottic fold; it is yellow elastic cartilage>9  &&CARTILAGE: cricoid $  Description: the inferior and posterior cartilage of the larynx; it forms a complete cartilaginous ring; its arch projects anteriorly and its lamina is broad and flat posteriorly Notes: connected: above to the thyroid cartilage via the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage, to the conus elasticus, to the arytenoid cartilages which sit atop the lamina; connected below to the first tracheal ring via the cricotracheal ligamentbz " h Y  CARTILAGE: cuneiform$ Description: small cartilaginous nodule located in the aryepiglottic fold Notes: cuneiform cartilage is yellow elastic cartilage6= CARTILAGE: epiglottis$ hDescription: the superior part of the larynx Notes: epiglottic cartilage is covered by a mucous membrane4 +  BONE: ethmoid$Description: delicate bone located between the two orbits Notes: highly pneumatized bone that contains the ethmoid air cells; forms the fragile medial wall of the orbit,G 7 %Structure: cribriform plate (ethmoid)$&, Description: perforated portion of ethmoid bone on either side of the crista galli Notes: perforated for passage of the olfactory nerves," 7 !Structure: crista galli (ethmoid)$", Description: superior midline projection of the ethmoid bone into the anterior cranial fossa; it arises between the cribriform plates Notes: "cock's comb"; anterior anchor point of the falx cerebriP/ : (Structure: perpendicular plate (ethmoid)$)  Description: midline process projecting inferiorly into the nasal cavity Notes: forms the superior part of the bony nasal septum*Structure: superior nasal concha (ethmoid)$+",Description: medial projection of the ethmoid bone from the superolateral wall of the nasal cavity Notes: forms the superior nasal meatus below it and the sphenoethmoidal recess above itP%9(Structure: middle nasal concha (ethmoid)$) ,Description: portion of the ethmoid bone that projects inferomedially from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity Notes: forms the superior nasal meatus above it and the middle nasal meatus (which overlies the bulla ethmoidalis and hiatus semilunaris) below ittJ   Structure: bulla ethmoidalis Description: rounded elevation on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity Notes: located under cover of the middle nasal concha; middle ethmoidal air cells drain at its apex,u Structure: ethmoidal air cells  WDescription: pneumatized spaces (3-18 in number) within the ethmoid bone; located between the orbits Notes: three groups may be identified: anterior (drain into the hiatus semilunaris in the middle nasal meatus), middle (drain onto the apex of the bulla ethmoidalis in the middle nasal meatus), posterior (drain into the superior nasal meatus)XX #h + + &Structure: ethmoidal foramen, anterior jDescription: opening in the medial wall of the orbit Notes: transmits anterior ethmoidal vessels and nerveN !'Structure: ethmoidal foramen, posterior kDescription: opening in the medial wall of the orbit Notes: transmits posterior ethmoidal vessels and nerveO "'Structure: hiatus semilunaris (ethmoid)$(, ,Description: groove in the ethmoid portion of the lateral nasal wall between the uncinate process below and bulla ethmoidalis above Notes: receives the frontonasal duct anterosuperiorly, opening of the maxillary sinus posteroinferiorly, and the openings of the anterior ethmoidal air cells in between.    "   BONE:frontal$ nDescription: the anterior bone of the skull which underlies the forehead Notes: articulates with the parietal bone posteriorly; zygomatic, ethmoid and sphenoid bones inferiorly; maxilla, nasal and lacrimal bones anteriorly; it is formed from two ossifications centers which normally fuse in the midline - if they do not fuse, a midline "metopic suture" is the resultootr  2  s#"Structure: orbital plate (frontal)$#Description: flat portion of frontal that forms the roof of the orbit Notes: a very thin portion of the frontal bone which is like an egg shell in thickness$"Structure: foramen cecum (frontal)$# Description: opening near the anterior end of the crista galli Notes: transmits an emissary vein which may result in transfer of infectious materials from the nasal cavity to the cranial cavity with resulting meningitis1 %Structure: frontal sinusDescription: pneumatized space in the frontal bone Notes: usually paired; each drains through the frontonasal duct into the uppermost part of the hiatus semilunaris in the middle nasal meatusP I + &,Structure: superior orbital margin (frontal)$-$Description: arch of bone above the orbital opening Notes: skin over this region is supplied by branches of the frontal nerve (supraorbital and supratrochlear nn.), '&Structure: superciliary arch (frontal)$' Description: the ridge of bone above the orbital margin Notes: located deep to the eyebrow, blunt trauma to this region often results in cuts within the eyebrow(Structure: glabella (frontal)$  ADescription: midline point between the paired superciliary arches- )'Structure: supraorbital notch (frontal)$( Description: notch in the superior orbital margin Notes: occasionally present as a foramen; opening for the passage of the for supraorbital neurovascular bundle~  BONE: hyoid$ lDescription: a "U"-shaped bone consisting of several parts: body, 2 greater horns, 2 lesser horns Notes: the hyoid bone ossifies completely in middle life; the body articulates with the greater horns via cartilage and with the lesser horns via fibrous joints prior to ossification; an important site for muscle attachments (suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups)mm,D  *Structure: body (hyoid)$Description: the middle portion of the "U"-shaped bone Notes: the body of the hyoid bone articulates with the greater horns posteriorly|  +%Structure: hyoid greater horn (cornu)$& Description: posteriorly directed limbs of the "U"-shaped bone Notes: each greater horn articulates with the body and lesser horns anteriorly; origin of middle pharyngeal constrictor m. and hyoglossus m> j 0 !,$Structure: hyoid lesser horn (cornu)$% Description: articulates with the greater horn at its junction with the body Notes: the inferior end of the stylohyoid ligament attaches to the lesser hornk &" #BONE: inferior nasal concha (hyoid)6$Description: a separate bone on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity Notes: it articulates with the maxilla; forms the inferior nasal meatus below it and the middle nasal meatus above it, # BONE: lacrimal$Description: small bone forming part of the medial wall of the orbit Notes: articulates: anteriorly with frontal process of maxilla, superiorly with frontal bone, posteriorly with ethmoid, inferiorly with orbital process of maxilla; forms part of the canal for the nasolacrimal ductPX ? M $BONE: mandible$Description: the U-shaped bone forming the lower jaw Notes: contains the inferior teeth; formed from the mesenchyme of the 1st pharyngeal arch, and its muscles are innervated by the nerve of the 1st arch (mandibular division of cranial nerve V),h Z %-Structure: body (mandible)$ sDescription: the anterior part of the mandible Notes: paired halves are fused in the midline at the symphysis mentic&.%Structure: symphysis menti (mandible)$&   Description: the midline symphysis between the two halves of the mandible Notes: the two halves of the mandible fuse during the first postnatal year s'/)Structure: mental protuberance (mandible)$* Description: the projection on the anterior midline of the mandible Notes: the bone of the chin; mental means relating to the mind, a reference to the act of resting the chin on the hand while thinking (see the sculpture by Rodin: "The Thinker")(07Structure: mental spines or genial tubercles (mandible)$8. Description: the spines on the inner surface of the mandible posterior to the mental protuberance Notes: attachment site for the genioglossus and geniohyoid mm.,  )1$Structure: mylohyoid line (mandible)$%  %Description: the ridge running obliquely from posterosuperior to anteroinferior on the medial surface of the body of the mandible Notes: attachment site for the mylohyoid muscle; the submandibular gland is located inferior to this line and the sublingual gland is located superior to this lineP-Q  b*2$Structure: mental foramen (mandible)$% Description: the opening on the anterior surface of the body of the mandible inferior to the premolar teeth Notes: transmits the mental neurovascular bundle; covered superficially by the depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris mm.>/ +3Structure: ramus (mandible)$   Description: the angled portion of the mandible that joins the posterior portion of the body Notes: it rises nearly vertically from the body; the chondyloid process and the coronoid process extend from the superior end of the ramus; the mandibular foramen is located on the medial surface of the ramus; the medial pterygoid m. attaches to the medial surface and the masseter m. attaches to the lateral surface of the ramus  , 0 * +,4Structure: angle (mandible)$ SDescription: the posteroinferior bend formed by the union of the body and the ramus,.-5Structure: mandibular foramen  Description: the opening on the medial surface of the ramus Notes: it is the opening into the mandibular canal; it transmits the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle>6" *.6Structure: mandibular canal Description: the canal that runs through the body of the mandible Notes: it transmits the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle from the infratemporal fossa to the mandibular teeth and gingivaePk  /7Structure: lingula (mandible)$   Description: the projection of bone medial to the mandibular foramen Notes: it is the attachment site of the inferior end of the sphenomandibular ligament,1 D 08&Structure: coronoid process (mandible)$'  Description: the process that projects anterosuperiorly from the ramus of the mandible Notes: it is the attachment site of the temporalis m.>& 8 19&Structure: condylar process (mandible)$'  Description: the rounded process that projects posterosuperiorly from the ramus of the mandible Notes: it articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone>. /2:Structure:mandibular notch Description: the notch between the coronoid and condylar processes Notes: it transmits the masseteric neurovascular bundle from the infratemporal fossa to the deep surface of the masseter m.b"  " 3;Structure: mandibular neck Description: the constriction below the articular chondyle on the chondylar process of the mandible Notes: part of the lateral pterygoid m. inserts into the pterygoid fossa of the mandibular neckb' 3  4<1Structure: pterygoid fossa of the neck (mandible)$2(  Description: a shallow depression on the anterior surface of the neck of the mandible Notes: part of the lateral pterygoid m. inserts into the pterygoid fossa of the mandibular neck>p  5 BONE: maxilla$|Description: bone forming the midface Notes: it forms the inferior orbital margin and contains the teeth and maxillary sinusX6=$Structure: frontal process (maxilla)$%Description: the part of the maxilla that projects superiorly medial to the orbit Notes: it articulates with the nasal bone, the frontal bone and the lacrimal bone; it forms part of medial orbital wall & margin; it forms the anterior part of the canal for the nasolacrimal duct, e 7>$Structure: orbital process (maxilla)$%Description: the part of the maxilla that forms the floor of the orbit Notes: also known as the orbital surface of the maxilla; it contains the infraorbital groove and canal; it forms the roof of the maxillary sinus <8?&Structure: zygomatic process (maxilla)$' `Description: the lateral projection of the maxilla Notes: it articulates with the zygomatic boneQ 9@(Structure: infraorbital groove (maxilla)$)  Description: groove in orbital process of the maxilla located in the posterior part of the orbit Notes: transmits the infraorbital neurovascular bundle from the infraorbital fissure to the infraorbital canal>u  :A'Structure: infraorbital canal (maxilla)$( Description: canal in orbital process of the maxilla located in the anterior part of the orbit Notes: the direct continuation of the infraorbital groove; transmits the infraorbital neurovascular bundle from the infraorbital groove to the infraorbital foramenP    ;B)Structure: infraorbital foramen (maxilla)$*! Description: opening at the anterior end of the infraorbital canal located inferior to the orbit Notes: it transmits the infraorbital neurovascular bundle,/ <<C%Structure: alveolar process (maxilla)$&Description: "U"-shaped process of bone that holds the maxillary teeth Notes: contains sockets (alveoli) for the roots of the maxillary teeth=DStructure: maxillary tuberosity Description: the roughened posterior aspect of the body of the maxilla Notes: the posterior superior alveolar nn. Enter the maxilla directly superior to this structurem8>E)Structure: anterior nasal spine (maxilla)$*!Description: anterior projection of bone in the midline, inferior to the anterior nasal aperture Notes: the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum sits atop this structure?FStructure: maxillary sinusDescription: pneumatized hollow center of the body of the maxilla Notes: paired; each maxillary sinus drains through the hiatus semilunaris into the middle nasal meatus> g @G%Structure: palatine process (maxilla)$&Description: shelf of bone that projects horizontally to meet at the midline in the intermaxillary suture Notes: paired; together, they form the roof of the oral cavity (hard palate) and the floor of the nasal cavitySwAH%Structure: incisive foramen (maxilla)$&Description: opening in the midline, posterior to the maxillary incisor teeth Notes: it transmits the terminal branches of the nasopalatine nn. & sphenopalatine aa.; it marks the point of union during development of the primary and secondary palate,~VB BONE: nasal$ Description: thin bone that forms part of the bridge of the nose Notes: articulates with the frontal bone superiorly, the frontal process of the maxilla laterally and the contralateral nasal bone mediallyCBONE: occipital$ Description: the bone forming the posterior surface of the skull Notes: it articulates superolaterally with the parietal bones through the lambdoid suture, anteroinferiorly with the temporal bone and anteriorly with the body of the sphenoid bonePV$  $DI*Structure: pharyngeal tubercle (occipital)$+ Description: projection located anterior to the foramen magnum Notes: attachment site for the superior pharyngeal constrictor m.EJ$Structure: squamous part (occipital)$%  Description: the flat, thin portion of the occipital bone located posterior to the foramen magnum Notes: it articulates with the petrous part of the temporal bone anteroinferiorly and the parietal bones superolaterally at the lambdoid sutureP FK6Structure: external occipital protuberance (occipital)$7, Description: a projection on the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone in the midline Notes: it is the attachment site of the ligamentum nuchae and the trapezius m.; its highest point is called the inionP8 R %GL+Structure: inferior nuchal line (occipital)$,! Description: a low ridge that runs transversely on the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone inferior to the superior nuchal line Notes: it is an attachment site for deep neck muscles,N 4<HM+Structure: superior nuchal line (occipital)$,! Description: a low ridge that runs transversely on the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone Notes: it is the attachment is the for the trapezius and splenius mm.>N F  IN%Structure: foramen magnum (occipital)$& Description: the opening in the occipital bone posterior to the basal part Notes: it transmits the spinal cord, two vertebral aa., and two spinal accessory nerves}#JO"Structure: basal part (occipital) $# Description: the portion of the occipital bone located anterior to the foramen magnum Notes: it articulates with the body of the sphenoid boneKP#Structure: lateral part (occipital)$$ Description: the portion of the occipital bone located lateral to the foramen magnum Notes: paired; it is pierced by the hypoglossal canal and the condylar canal,x  LQ(Structure: hypoglossal canal (occipital)$)  sDescription: an opening in the lateral part of the occipital bone Notes: paired; it transmits the hypoglossal nervea MR%Structure: condylar canal (occipital)$&  xDescription: an opening in the lateral part of the occipital bone Notes: paired; it transmits the condylar emissary veina NSStructure: occipital condyleDescription: a low, wide projection from the inferior surface of the lateral part of the occipital bone Notes: paired; it articulates with the atlasOT$Structure: jugular notch (occipital)$% Description: a notch located on the anterolateral edge of the lateral part of the occipital bone Notes: it forms the posterior margin of the jugular foramen; the temporal bone forms the anterior margin of the jugular foramen#PBONE: ossicles$4Description: a chain of three bones in the tympanic cavity (middle ear) connecting the tympanic membrane to the oval window; arranged from lateral to medial: malleus, incus, stapes Notes: the ossicles are joined by synovial articulations that may become arthritic in old age, resulting in conductive deafnessP  VQUStructure: incus (ossicles)$ , Description: the middle ossicle of the middle ear Notes: articulates with the head of the malleus and the head of the stapes; incus means "anvil">:RVStructure: malleus (ossicles)$ , Description: the lateral ossicle of the middle ear Notes: the manubrium is attached by its handle to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane at the umbo; its head articulates with the incus; malleus means "hammer"b OSWStructure: stapes (ossicles)$ Description: the medial ossicle of the middle ear Notes: it articulates with the long process of the incus and its base fills the fenestra vestibuli (oval window); stapes means "stirrup">E'T BONE: palatine$Description: the bone that forms the posterior part of the hard palate Notes: paired; failure of the perpendicular plates to fuse during development leads to a midline defect (cleft palate)UX)Structure: perpendicular plate (palatine)$* PDescription: the vertical portion of the palatine bone located posteriorly on either side of the nasal cavity Notes: it articulates anteriorly with the maxilla; posteriorly it forms the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity; its posterior edge contributes to 1/2 of the sphenopalatine foramenQQb> 9   W VY*Structure: sphenopalatine notch (palatine)$+!  Description: a notch at the posterosuperior margin of the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone Notes: along with the sphenoid bone it forms the sphenopalatine foramen,h WZ,Structure: sphenopalatine foramen (palatine)$-#  Description: an opening in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity formed by the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone and the body of the sphenoid bone Notes: it transmits the nasopalatine nerve and the sphenopalatine vessels,  X[%Structure: orbital process (palatine)$& Description: a small, superior projection from the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone Notes: it forms a small part of the floor of the orbit located posteroinferiorly near the apexY\&Structure: horizontal plate (palatine)$' Description: the portion of the palatine bone that forms the posterior 1/3 of the hard palate Notes: paired; the two horizontal plates meet at the midlineZ]#Structure: greater palatine foramenDescription: an opening in the hard palate located medial to the 3rd maxillary molar tooth Notes: it transmits the greater palatine neurovascular bundle; it is an important site for oral anesthesia5[^"Structure: lesser palatine foramenDescription: an opening in the hard palate located posterior to the greater palatine foramen Notes: there may be more than one; it transmits the lesser palatine n. and vessels\BONE: parietal$Description: a broad, flat bone forming the lateral surface of the skull Notes: paired; this bone articulates with the contralateral parietal bone in the midline at the sagittal suture; it articulates anteriorly with frontal bone at coronal suture; it articulates posteriorly with the occipital bone at the lambdoid suture; it articulates inferiorly with the greater wing of the sphenoid bone at the pterion, the squamous part of the temporal bone at the squamous suture and the mastoid part of the temporal bone at the parietomastoid sutureZv$  4  T ! 8]_,Structure: inferior temporal line (parietal)$-# Description: an arching ridge on the external surface of the parietal bone Notes: it is an attachment site for the temporalis muscler ^`,Structure: superior temporal line (parietal)$-# Description: an arching ridge on the external surface of the parietal bone Notes: it is an attachment site for the temporalis muscle and the temporal fasciar  _a&Structure: parietal foramen (parietal)$' Description: an opening in the parietal bone located near the sagittal suture Notes: it transmits the parietal emissary vein, a valveless vein which connects the scalp to the cranial cavity,= 9 5`b'Structure: granular foveolae (parietal)$(  mDescription: small pits located on the inner table of the parietal bone Notes: for the arachnoid granulationsV aBONE: thyroid cartilage$IDescription: the large anterior cartilage of the larynx; it has several parts: laminae (2), superior horns (2), inferior horns (2), oblique line, superior thyroid notch, Notes: connected above to the hyoid bone via the thyrohyoid membrane; connected below to the cricoid cartilage via the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage; connected posteriorly: to the arytenoid cartilage via the vocal ligament and thyroarytenoid m., to the epiglottic cartilage via the thyroepiglottic ligament; it tilts anteriorly to increase the length of the vocal ligament and raise the pitch of the voiceJZJN !D  %  Obc%Structure: lamina (thyroid cartilage)$&;Description: a broad flat plate of cartilage forming one side of the thyroid cartilage; two laminae fuse anteriorly in the midline to form the thyroid cartilage Notes: the laryngeal prominence is the line of fusion of the two laminae; each lamina is connected superiorly to the hyoid bone by the thyrohyoid membraneP[ n>  cd,Structure: superior horn (thyroid cartilage)$-Description: the rounded, superior projection of the posterior border of the thyroid lamina Notes: it is connected superiorly to the greater horn of the hyoid bone by the lateral thyrohyoid ligament  de,Structure: inferior horn (thyroid cartilage)$-Description: the rounded, inferior projection of the posterior border of the thyroid lamina Notes: it is connected inferiorly to the cricoid cartilage by the cricothyroid articulation (a synovial joint)>  ef+Structure: oblique line (thyroid cartilage)$,Description: ridge which descends diagonally from superior to inferior on the lateral surface of the thyroid lamina Notes: a line of muscle attachmentfg3Structure: laryngeal prominence (thyroid cartilage)$4!+Description: the line of fusion of the thyroid laminae Notes: known to the lay person as the "Adam's apple"; the laryngeal prominence is a secondary sexual characteristic - in postpuberal males the angle of the laryngeal prominence is approximately 90 and in females the angle is approximately 120,/y qgh5Structure: superior thyroid notch (thyroid cartilage)$6#Description: the notch at the superior end of the laryngeal prominence Notes: it is connected to the hyoid bone by the median thyrohyoid ligament}  hBONE: sphenoid$Description: an irregularly shaped bone forming the central portion of the skull Notes: it has many parts, including a body, greater wing, lesser wing and pterygoid plates iiStructure: body (sphenoid)$ Description: central part of the sphenoid bone Notes: contains the sphenoid sinuses; attachment point for the wings and pterygoid platesw jj&Structure: sphenoid sinuses (sphenoid)$' Description: pneumatized spaces within the body of the sphenoid bone Notes: usually paired; it drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity, VkkStructure: jugum (sphenoid)$   |Description: the anterior-most portion of the sphenoid bone Notes: articulates with the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone,W  ls'Structure: chiasmatic sulcus (sphenoid)$(   eDescription: the groove for the optic chiasm Notes: located between the jugum & the tuberculum sellae,Gmt!Structure: optic canal (sphenoid)$" Description: canal located at the lateral end of the chiasmatic sulcus and medial to the anterior clinoid process Notes: paired; it transmits the optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery from the cranial cavity to the apex of the orbit,4nu'Structure: tuberculum sellae (sphenoid)$(   vDescription: the anterior limit of the sella turcica Notes: the middle clinoid processes project from its lateral ends,&)ov#Structure: sella turcica (sphenoid)$$   Description: depression on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone Notes: "Turkish saddle"; roughly equivalent to the hypophyseal fossa; area between the tuberculum sellae and the posterior clinoid processes> pw.Structure: anterior clinoid process (sphenoid)$/% Description: projection at the medial end of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone Notes: the internal carotid artery passes medial to this structureqx&Structure: lesser wing of the sphenoidDescription: thin rim of bone projecting laterally from the anterior clinoid process Notes: bilateral; it forms the posterior margin of anterior cranial fossa; it articulates anteriorly with the orbital plate of the frontal bone>DL ,ry'Structure: greater wing of the sphenoidDescription: broad plate of bone swinging laterally from the body of the sphenoid bone Notes: bilateral; it forms the medial part of the floor of the middle cranial fossa, part of temporal fossae laterally, and the posterior part of the lateral wall of orbit; it articulates anteriorly with the zygomatic bone, superiorly with the frontal & parietal bones (at the pterion), posteriorly with the squamous & petrous portions of the temporal boneO  ;  sz.Structure: superior orbital fissure (sphenoid)$/% 5Description: slit-like opening between the lesser & greater wings of the sphenoid bone Notes: it transmits the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the abducens nerve, branches of ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, the superior ophthalmic vein and lymphatics from the cranial cavity into the orbitbn   . ( (t{&Structure: foramen rotundum (sphenoid)$'  Description: opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa through the greater wing of the sphenoid bone Notes: it transmits the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve,7` u|#Structure: foramen ovale (sphenoid)$$  Description: opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa through the greater wing of the sphenoid bone Notes: it transmits the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve; it is located between the foramen rotundum and the foramen spinosumb7F  ) v}&Structure: foramen spinosum (sphenoid)$'  Description: opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa through the greater wing of the sphenoid bone Notes: it transmits the middle meningeal artery and the meningeal br. of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)b7M    wl Structure: spine of the sphenoidDescription: process of bone that projects inferiorly from undersurface of greater wing of the sphenoid Notes: it is the superior attachment for the sphenomandibular ligament xm'Structure: pterygoid process (sphenoid)$(  eDescription: process that projects inferiorly from the junction of the body & greater wing of the sphenoid bone Notes: it has several parts: lateral & medial pterygoid plates, hamulus, pterygoid fossa, scaphoid fossa; the pterygoid plates are separated by the large pterygoid fossa throughout most of their length, and by the small scaphoid fossa superiorlyff  "2 yn-Structure: lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid)$.$  Description: thin plate of bone that projects posterolaterally from the pterygoid process Notes: it is the attachment site of the lateral & medial pterygoid muscles (lateral pterygoid m. on its lateral surface, medial pterygoid m. on its medial surface)b- A  " zo,Structure: medial pterygoid plate (sphenoid)$-#  Description: thin plate of bone that projects posteriorly from the pterygoid process Notes: it is the attachment of the superior pharyngeal constrictor m. & the pharygobasilar fascia>-  T{p$Structure: scaphoid fossa (sphenoid)$%   Description: an oval depression at the superior end of the lateral pterygoid plate Notes: it is the site of origin of the tensor veli palatini m.,B 4|q'Structure: pterygoid hamulus (sphenoid)$(   Description: hook-like projection from the inferior end of the medial pterygoid plate Notes: it acts as a pulley for the tendon of the tensor veli palatini m.,E >}r%Structure: pterygoid canal (sphenoid)$&  Description: canal that occurs at the junction of the greater wing, the pterygoid process and the body of the sphenoid bone Notes: it transmits the nerve of the pterygoid canal from the pterygoid region to the pterygopalatine fossaPG O  ~BONE: temporal$Description: bone forming the lateral side of the skull Notes: temporal refers the passage of time, which is marked by the appearance of gray hair on the side of the head~"Structure: petrous part (temporal)$#  Description: the hard part of the temporal bone located in the floor of the cranial cavity Notes: it contains the tympanic cavity (middle ear) and the bony labyrinth of the inner ear.Structure: internal acoustic meatus (temporal)$/%  Description: the opening on the posteromedial surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone Notes: it transmits the facial n., the vestibulocochlear n., and the labyrinthine a.>A"Structure: facial canal (temporal)$# Description: a canal which courses through the petrous part of the temporal bone Notes: it transmits the facial n. from the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen>.W  #Structure: carotid canal (temporal)$$ Description: a canal which courses through the petrous part of the temporal bone Notes: it transmits the internal carotid a. and the internal carotid plexus of nerves into the cranial cavity.%Structure: mastoid process (temporal)$& Description: the process located posteroinferior to the external acoustic meatus Notes: it projects inferiorly from the junction of the petrous and squamous parts of the temporal bone; it contains the mastoid air cells that open into tympanic cavity through the mastoid antrumb 7 r$Structure: tegmen tympani (temporal)$%  Description: thin plate of bone forming the roof of the tympanic cavity Notes: located on the floor of the middle cranial fossaz#Structure: jugular fossa (temporal)$$  Description: a depression on the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone Notes: it forms the anterior margin of the jugular foramen; the occipital bone forms the posterior margin of the jugular foramen9%Structure: styloid process (temporal)$&  Description: the spike of bone that projects inferiorly from the petrous part of the temporal bone Notes: it is the attachment site for the stylohyoid, styloglossus and stylopharyngeus mm. and the stylomandibular and stylohyoid ligamentst@C     #Structure: tympanic part (temporal)$$ Description: the part of the temporal bone consisting of the external acoustic meatus and the tympanic ring Notes: the medial 1/3 of the external acoustic meatus is bony and the lateral 2/3 is formed by cartilage,NE4.Structure: external acoustic meatus (temporal)$/%  Description: the opening in the lateral surface of the temporal bone Notes: it extends medially from the surface to the tympanic membrane; it allows sound to reach the tympanic membrane; the medial 1/3 of the external acoustic meatus is bony and the lateral 2/3 is formed by cartilage4#Structure: tympanic ring (temporal)$$ Description: the rim of bone surrounding the medial end of the external acoustic meatus Notes: it is the attachment site of the tympanic membraneQ;#Structure: squamous part (temporal)$$  Description: the thin flat portion of the temporal bone that constitutes the side of the skull above the ear Notes: it articulates with the parietal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone at the squamous suture 'Structure: zygomatic process (temporal)$(  Description: the projection of bone that arises anterior to the external acoustic meatus Notes: it articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch>R7  &Structure: mandibular fossa (temporal)$'   Description: the depression located medial to the origin of the zygomatic process Notes: it articulates with the condylar process of the mandible,? ' (Structure: articular tubercle (temporal)$)  Description: an inferior projection located anterior to the mandibular fossa Notes: dislocations of the temporomandibular joint result when the mandibular condyle slides anterior to this structure>;# BONE: vomer$ 6Description: thin plate of bone forming the posteroinferior part of the nasal septum Notes: articulates superiorly with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the body of the sphenoid bone; articulates inferiorly with the palatine processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone,+[BONE: wormian bone$ Description: small irregular bone that occurs between sutures of the skull Notes: wormian bones are variable in occurrence and are especially common at the junction of the squamous suture and the lambdoid suture>RR  BONE: zygomatic$  Description: the bone that forms the cheek Notes: the zygomatic bone is frequently fractured in blows to the side of the orbit; the temporal fascia attaches to the zygomatic arch,5 d 'Structure: temporal process (zygomatic)$(  Description: the portion of the zygomatic bone that projects posteriorly Notes: it articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic archP   ) &Structure: frontal process (zygomatic)$'  3Description: the portion of the zygomatic bone that projects superiorly and medially Notes: it forms the inferior part of the lateral orbital margin and the anteroinferior part of the lateral orbital wall; it articulates with the frontal bone anteriorly and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone posteriorlyP sG + (Structure: maxillary process (zygomatic)$)  Description: the part of the zygomatic bone that projects medially Notes: it forms the lateral part of the inferior orbital margin and the anterolateral part of the orbital floor; it articulates with the maxilla, d<#Structure: zygomaticofacial foramen  uDescription: a small opening on the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone Notes: it transmits the zygomaticofacial n.,: THE END  ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> 0 <4(    6y P y T Click to edit Master title style! !  0\y  y RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  08y `` y X*  0y `  y Z*  0y `  y Z*`  Hvy2޽h @ ? ̙33 Default Design 0 zr@ (    0$ P   $ P*    0|$    $ R*  d  c $ ?  $  0w$  @ $ RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6$ `P  $ P*    6T$ `  $ R*  H  0޽h ? ̙33b 0 0(   x  c $"@ " x  c $"P  " H  0޽h ? ̙33 l@ PT0(  Tx T c $$P  $ x T c $$ $ H T 0޽h ? ̙33(  `P(  r  S $P  $   S t$<$  0 $ H  0޽h ? ̙334  pp\(  px p c $$P  $  p c $Ⱥ$<$  0 $ H p 0޽h ? ̙334   \(   x  c $P$P  $   c $$<$  0 $ H  0޽h ? ̙334  $\(  $x $ c $$P  $  $ c $$<$  0 $ H $ 0޽h ? ̙334  (\(  (x ( c $$P  $  ( c $P$<$  0 $ H ( 0޽h ? ̙334  ,\(  ,x , c $$P  $  , c $$<$  0 $ H , 0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $$P  $   c $\$<$  0 $ H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ t\(  tx t c $$P  $  t c $$<$  0 $ H t 0޽h ? ̙334  x\(  xx x c $$P  $  x c $$<$  0 $ H x 0޽h ? ̙334  |\(  |x | c $$P  $  | c $$<$  0 $ H | 0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $yP  y   c $P_y<$  0 y H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $$(P  (   c $@(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334   \(  x  c $ (P  (   c $l (<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  0\(  x  c $ (P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  @\(  x  c $x(P  (   c $X(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ P\(  x  c $P'(P  (   c $0((<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  `0\(  0x 0 c $!(P  (  0 c $l.(<$  0 ( H 0 0޽h ? ̙334  p\(  x  c $4(P  (   c $(5(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $4:(P  (   c $;(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $I(P  (   c $<(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@D(P  (   c $N(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $S(P  (   c $S(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $U(P  (   c $XZ(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ \(  x  c $$_(P  (   c $)(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  4\(  4x 4 c $(e(P  (  4 c $e(<$  0 ( H 4 0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $\j(P  (   c $l(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $q(P  (   c $tr(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@t(P  (   c $Hx(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334   8\(  8x 8 c $((P  (  8 c $(<$  0 ( H 8 0޽h ? ̙334  0<\(  <x < c $ԇ(P  (  < c $x(<$  0 ( H < 0޽h ? ̙334  @\\(  \x \ c $(P  (  \ c $(<$  0 ( H \ 0޽h ? ̙334 l@ P\(  x  c $p(P  (   c $P(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  `\(  x  c $ܝ(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  p\(  x  c $D(P  (   c $$(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(P  (   c $ܺ(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $d(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $$(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(P  (   c $F(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(P  (   c $`(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334   \(  x  c $8(P  (   c $(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  0\(  x  c $l(P  (   c $\(<$  0 ( H  0޽h ? ̙334  @\(  x  c $?P  ?   c $?<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334  P`\(  `x ` c $?P  ?  ` c $D ?<$  0 ? H ` 0޽h ? ̙334  `\(  x  c $0?P  ?   c $(<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334  p\(  x  c $?P  ?   c $?<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $?P  ?   c $t?<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334   \(   x   c $ ?P  ?    c $!?<$  0 ? H   0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $`(?P  ?   c $@)?<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $(0?P  ?   c $0?<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $d7?P  ?   c $08?<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ \(  x  c $=?P  ?   c $>?<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334   \(   x   c $C?P  ?    c $D?<$  0 ? H   0޽h ? ̙334  $\(  $x $ c $4K?P  ?  $ c $L?<$  0 ? H $ 0޽h ? ̙334  (\(  (x ( c $|P?P  ?  ( c $\Q?<$  0 ? H ( 0޽h ? ̙334  ,\(  ,x , c $W?P  ?  , c $X?<$  0 ? H , 0޽h ? ̙334   d\(  dx d c $H^?P  ?  d c $pZ?<$  0 ? H d 0޽h ? ̙334  0h\(  hx h c $(S?P  ?  h c $e?<$  0 ? H h 0޽h ? ̙334  @0\(  0x 0 c $j?P  ?  0 c $k?<$  0 ? H 0 0޽h ? ̙334 l@ P4\(  4x 4 c $q?P  ?  4 c $q?<$  0 ? H 4 0޽h ? ̙334  `8\(  8x 8 c $pw?P  ?  8 c $ty?<$  0 ? H 8 0޽h ? ̙334  p<\(  <x < c $2?P  ?  < c $X{?<$  0 ? H < 0޽h ? ̙334  @\(  @x @ c $?P  ?  @ c $l?<$  0 ? H @ 0޽h ? ̙334  D\(  Dx D c $܋?P  ?  D c $?<$  0 ? H D 0޽h ? ̙334  H\(  Hx H c $t?P  ?  H c $?<$  0 ? H H 0޽h ? ̙334  L\(  Lx L c $T?P  ?  L c $4?<$  0 ? H L 0޽h ? ̙334  P\(  Px P c $?P  ?  P c $`?<$  0 ? H P 0޽h ? ̙334 l@ T\(  Tx T c $Ȣ?P  ?  T c $?<$  0 ? H T 0޽h ? ̙334  X\(  Xx X c $0?P  ?  X c $?<$  0 ? H X 0޽h ? ̙334  \\(  \x \ c $x?P  ?  \ c $X?<$  0 ? H \ 0޽h ? ̙334  l\(  lx l c $е?P  ?  l c $?<$  0 ? H l 0޽h ? ̙334  `\(  `x ` c $?P  ?  ` c $0?<$  0 ? H ` 0޽h ? ̙334   d\(  dx d c $t?P  ?  d c $T?<$  0 ? H d 0޽h ? ̙334  0h\(  hx h c $?P  ?  h c $?<$  0 ? H h 0޽h ? ̙334  @@\(  @x @ c $?P  ?  @ c $#?<$  0 ? H @ 0޽h ? ̙334 l@ Pl\(  lx l c $?P  ?  l c $?<$  0 ? H l 0޽h ? ̙334  `p\(  px p c $?P  ?  p c $?<$  0 ? H p 0޽h ? ̙334  pt\(  tx t c $?P  ?  t c $?<$  0 ? H t 0޽h ? ̙334  x\(  xx x c $l?P  ?  x c $?<$  0 ? H x 0޽h ? ̙334  |\(  |x | c $?P  ?  | c $l?<$  0 ? H | 0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $?P  ?   c $?<$  0 ? H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $\@P  @   c $(@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  D\(  Dx D c $d @P  @  D c $D @<$  0 @ H D 0޽h ? ̙334 l@ \(  x  c $@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $|@P  @   c $"@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $,@P  @   c $d-@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  H\(  Hx H c $1@P  @  H c $2@<$  0 @ H H 0޽h ? ̙334   \(  x  c $9@P  @   c $:@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  0\(  x  c $H@@P  @   c $B@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  @\(  x  c $hH@P  @   c $lP@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ P\(  x  c $8R@P  @   c $V@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  `\(  x  c $d\@P  @   c $D]@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  p\(  x  c $Hb@P  @   c $(c@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  L\(  Lx L c $h@P  @  L c $i@<$  0 @ H L 0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $^@P  @   c $,o@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $t@P  @   c $Xu@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $z@P  @   c ${@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $hX@P  @   c $X@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ \(  x  c $8@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@P  @   c $Ћ@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@P  @   c $ܒ@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@P  @   c $x@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@P  @   c $@M@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334   \(  x  c $@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  0\(  x  c $ @P  @   c $ȭ@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  @\(  x  c $P@P  @   c $0@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ P\(  x  c $H@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  `\(  x  c $@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  p\(  x  c $,@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $,@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $\@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $@P  @   c $@<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ \(  x  c $@@P  @   c $ @<$  0 @ H  0޽h ? ̙334  P\(  Px P c $BP  B  P c $B<$  0 B H P 0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $, BP  B   c $ B<$  0 B H  0޽h ? ̙334  \(  x  c $|BP  B   c $\B<$  0 B H  0޽h ? ̙334   \(   x   c $BP  B    c $B<$  0 B H   0޽h ? ̙334   \(  x  c $(BP  B   c $B<$  0 B H  0޽h ? ̙334  0\(  x  c $ BP  B   c $#B<$  0 B H  0޽h ? ̙334  @\(  x  c $*BP  B   c $P+B<$  0 B H  0޽h ? ̙334 l@ P\(  x  c $0BP  B   c $1B<$  0 B H  0޽h ? ̙334  ` \(   x   c $<8BP  B    c $9B<$  0 B H   0޽h ? ̙334  p$\(  $x $ c $>BP  B  $ c $L%B<$  0 B H $ 0޽h ? ̙334  (\(  (x ( c $EBP  B  ( c $FB<$  0 B H ( 0޽h ? ̙334  ,\(  ,x , c $tMBP  B  , c $@NB<$  0 B H , 0޽h ? ̙334  0\(  0x 0 c $SBP  B  0 c $\TB<$  0 B H 0 0޽h ? ̙334  4\(  4x 4 c $ZBP  B  4 c $[B<$  0 B H 4 0޽h ? ̙334  8\(  8x 8 c $_BP  B  8 c $\bB<$  0 B H 8 0޽h ? ̙334 l@ <\(  <x < c $gBP  B  < c $hB<$  0 B H < 0޽h ? ̙334  T\(  Tx T c $jBP  B  T c $]B<$  0 B H T 0޽h ? ̙334  @\(  @x @ c $ sBP  B  @ c $LuB<$  0 B H @ 0޽h ? ̙334   X\(  Xx X c $yBP  B  X c ${B<$  0 B H X 0޽h ? ̙334   D\(  Dx D c $ BP  B  D c $āB<$  0 B H D 0޽h ? ̙334   H\(  Hx H c $BP  B  H c $4B<$  0 B H H 0޽h ? ̙334  0 L\(  Lx L c $BP  B  L c $B<$  0 B H L 0޽h ? ̙334  @ P\(  Px P c $XHBP  B  P c $ܔB<$  0 B H P 0޽h ? ̙33 l@  X(  Xr X S X"P  " H X 0޽h ? ̙33r\0nR r V F "$6'r)+-&0b2469R;=?BBD~FHJ2MnOQS"V^XZ\_Naceh>jzlnp.sjuwy|Z~҂J‹:v*fޟVΨ F6r&bRB~2n"^N>z.j Z J:v!#%*(f*,.1V357 :F<>@B6ErGIb KtM Oh+'0D `h  ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGYP Tara MooreH Tara MooreH40aMicrosoft PowerPointP@@`Reo@`fi2qKGpCg  !:& &&#TNPP2OMi & TNPP &&TNPP    && "--&&vv^- $0: ww^- $ :Dww_- $DNxx`- $NX(yya- $(Xb2zza- $2bl<||b- $<lvF}}c- $FvP~~e- $PZf- $Zdg- $dnh- $nxj- $xl- $m- $o- $q- $s- $t- $w- $y- ${- $ ~- $ - $ - $ *- $*4- $4>- $>H- $HR"- $"R\,- $,\f6- $6fp@- $@pzJ- $JzT- $T^ŝ- $^hǟ- $hrˢ- $r|ͤ- $|Ч- $ө- $֫- $٭- $ۯ- $ޱ- $- $- $- $- $- $$- $$.- $.8- $8B- $BL- $LV&- $&V`0- $0`j:- $:jtD- $Dt~N- $N~X- $Xb- $bl- $lv $v- $- $- $- $ $- $ $- $ $ - $  $- $( $(2- $2< - $ <F- $FP - $ PZ* $*Zd4- $4dn>- $>nxH- $HxR- $R\- $\f- $fp- $pz- $z- $- $- $- $- $- $- $- $- $ޱ- $ۯ- $"٭- $",֫- $,6Ө- $6@Ч- $@Jͤ- $JT$ˢ- $$T^.ǟ- $.^h8ŝ- $8hrB- $Br|L- $L|V- $V`- $`j- $jt- $t~- $~- $- $- $- $- $}- ${- $y- $w- $t- $s- $&q- $&0o- $0: m- $ :Dk- $DNj- $NX(h- $(Xb2g- $2bl<f- $<lvF~~e- $FvP}}c- $PZ||b- $Zdzza- $dnyy`- $nxxx`- $xww_- $ww^- $vv^- $ $&&& "- & $&vL)8b&-&& &&-&&&&vv^- $0: ww^- $ :Dww_- $DNxx`- $NX(yya- $(Xb2zza- $2bl<||b- $<lvF}}c- $FvP~~e- $PZf- $Zdg- $dnh- $nxj- $xl- $m- $o- $q- $s- $t- $w- $y- ${- $ ~- $ - $ - $ *- $*4- $4>- $>H- $HR"- $"R\,- $,\f6- $6fp@- $@pzJ- $JzT- $T^ŝ- $^hǟ- $hrˢ- $r|ͤ- $|Ч- $ө- $֫- $٭- $ۯ- $ޱ- $- $- $- $- $- $$- $$.- $.8- $8B- $BL- $LV&- $&V`0- $0`j:- $:jtD- $Dt~N- $N~X- $Xb- $bl- $lv $v- $- $- $- $ $- $ $- $ $ - $  $- $( $(2- $2< - $ <F- $FP - $ PZ* $*Zd4- $4dn>- $>nxH- $HxR- $R\- $\f- $fp- $pz- $z- $- $- $- $- $- $- $- $- $ޱ- $ۯ- $"٭- $",֫- $,6Ө- $6@Ч- $@Jͤ- $JT$ˢ- $$T^.ǟ- $.^h8ŝ- $8hrB- $Br|L- $L|V- $V`- $`j- $jt- $t~- $~- $- $- $- $- $}- ${- $y- $w- $t- $s- $&q- $&0o- $0: m- $ :Dk- $DNj- $NX(h- $(Xb2g- $2bl<f- $<lvF~~e- $FvP}}c- $PZ||b- $Zdzza- $dnyy`- $nxxx`- $xww_- $ww^- $vv^- $ $&- "--&&&Gy& - @Times New Roman- .12 cCreated by T.L. Moore, MGCCC       .--y`H-- @Times New Roman- .2  ANATOMY & 040,4@,8. .2 PHYSIOLOGY,8,(4,44,.--9qHH-- @Times New Roman- ..2 zBONES & CARTILAGES OF THE "" $ """ " ! . .2  HEAD AND NECK!"" !"" "".@Times New Roman- .:2 U"Left click your mouse to continue.        .--"System-&TNPP & ՜.+,0|    On-screen ShowMGCCCeeO Times New RomanDefault DesignANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY DIRECTIONSCARTILAGE: arytenoidCARTILAGE: corniculate CARTILAGE: cricoid CARTILAGE: cuneiformCARTILAGE: epiglottisBONE: ethmoid&Structure: cribriform plate (ethmoid)"Structure: crista galli (ethmoid))Structure: perpendicular plate (ethmoid)+Structure: superior nasal concha (ethmoid))Structure: middle nasal concha (ethmoid)Structure: bulla ethmoidalisStructure: ethmoidal air cells'Structure: ethmoidal foramen, anterior(Structure: ethmoidal foramen, posterior(Structure: hiatus semilunaris (ethmoid) BONE:frontal#Structure: orbital plate (frontal)#Structure: foramen cecum (frontal)Structure: frontal sinus-Structure: superior orbital margin (frontal)'Structure: superciliary arch (frontal)Structure: glabella (frontal)(Structure: supraorbital notch (frontal) BONE: hyoidStructure: body (hyoid)&Structure: hyoid greater horn (cornu)%Structure: hyoid lesser horn (cornu)$BONE: inferior nasal concha (hyoid)BONE: lacrimalBONE: mandibleStructure: body (mandible)&Structure: symphysis menti (mandible)*Structure: mental protuberance (mandible)8Structure: mental spines or genial tubercles (mandible)%Structure: mylohyoid line (mandible)%Structure: mental foramen (mandible)Structure: ramus (mandible)Structure: angle (mandible)Structure: mandibular foramenStructure: mandibular canalStructure: lingula (mandible)'Structure: coronoid process (mandible)'Structure: condylar process (mandible)Structure:mandibular notchStructure: mandibular neck2Structure: pterygoid fossa of the neck (mandible)BONE: maxilla%Structure: frontal process (maxilla)%Structure: orbital process (maxilla)'Structure: zygomatic process (maxilla))Structure: infraorbital groove (maxilla)(Structure: infraorbital canal (maxilla)*Structure: infraorbital foramen (maxilla)&Structure: alveolar process (maxilla) Structure: maxillary tuberosity*Structure: anterior nasal spine (maxilla)Structure: maxillary sinus&Structure: palatine process (maxilla)&Structure: incisive foramen (maxilla) BONE: nasalBONE: occipital+Structure: pharyngeal tubercle (occipital)%Structure: squamous part (occipital)7Structure: external occipital protuberance (occipital),Structure: inferior nuchal line (occipital),Structure: superior nuchal line (occipital)&Structure: foramen magnum (occipital)#Structure: basal part (occipital) $Structure: lateral part (occipital))Structure: hypoglossal canal (occipital)&Structure: condylar canal (occipital)Structure: occipital condyle%Structure: jugular notch (occipital)BONE: ossiclesStructure: incus (ossicles)Structure: malleus (ossicles)Structure: stapes (ossicles)BONE: palatine*Structure: perpendicular plate (palatine)+Structure: sphenopalatine notch (palatine)-Structure: sphenopalatine foramen (palatine)&Structure: orbital process (palatine)'Structure: horizontal plate (palatine)$Structure: greater palatine foramen#Structure: lesser palatine foramenBONE: parietal-Structure: inferior temporal line (parietal)-Structure: superior temporal line (parietal)'Structure: parietal foramen (parietal)(Structure: granular foveolae (parietal)BONE: thyroid cartilage&Structure: lamina (thyroid cartilage)-Structure: superior horn (thyroid cartilage)-Structure: inferior horn (thyroid cartilage),Structure: oblique line (thyroid cartilage)4Structure: laryngeal prominence (thyroid cartilage)6Structure: superior thyroid notch (thyroid cartilage)BONE: sphenoidStructure: body (sphenoid)'Structure: sphenoid sinuses (sphenoid)Structure: jugum (sphenoid)(Structure: chiasmatic sulcus (sphenoid)"Structure: optic canal (sphenoid)(Structure: tuberculum sellae (sphenoid)$Structure: sella turcica (sphenoid)/Structure: anterior clinoid process (sphenoid)'Structure: lesser wing of the sphenoid(Structure: greater wing of the sphenoid/Structure: superior orbital fissure (sphenoid)'Structure: foramen rotundum (sphenoid)$Structure: foramen ovale (sphenoid)'Structure: foramen spinosum (sphenoid)!Structure: spine of the sphenoid(Structure: pterygoid process (sphenoid).Structure: lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid)-Structure: medial pterygoid plate (sphenoid)%Structure: scaphoid fossa (sphenoid)(Structure: pterygoid hamulus (sphenoid)&Structure: pterygoid canal (sphenoid)BONE: temporal#Structure: petrous part (temporal)/Structure: internal acoustic meatus (temporal)#Structure: facial canal (temporal)$Structure: carotid canal (temporal)&Structure: mastoid process (temporal)%Structure: tegmen tympani (temporal)$Structure: jugular fossa (temporal)&Structure: styloid process (temporal)$Structure: tympanic part (temporal)/Structure: external acoustic meatus (temporal)$Structure: tympanic ring (temporal)$Structure: squamous part (temporal)(Structure: zygomatic process (temporal)'Structure: mandibular fossa (temporal))Structure: articular tubercle (temporal) BONE: vomerBONE: wormian boneBONE: zygomatic(Structure: temporal process (zygomatic)'Structure: frontal process (zygomatic))Structure: maxillary process (zygomatic)$Structure: zygomaticofacial foramenTHE END  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles"_O $Tara MooreTara Moore  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&')*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ[\]^cRoot EntrydO)Current UserWSummaryInformation((DPowerPoint Document(ODocumentSummaryInformation8K