ࡱ> F_( ?/ 0LDTimes New Roman08bb0bWo 0 ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` |t(D>"().123456:     #$%&'*+,-/07;<= !89>c $@{uʚ;2Nʚ;g43d3d0bppp@ <4!d!d 0b9b<4dddd 0b9b <4BdBd4b. 0b+b?L$ 8Created by T.L. Moore, MGCCCO =UYANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY6<BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB Left click your mouse to continue.=#% DIRECTIONSWThis slide show presentation is designed to function like flash cards. To check your answer, and/or to move on to the next slide, simply left click your mouse. Some of the material presented in these tables is contained in the book: MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest and Jaye Schlesinger Published by ILOC, Inc., New York. Copyright 1995. ,XZ^> 7 BONE: femur$ aDescription: the bone of the thigh Notes: the femur is the longest and strongest bone in the bodyStructure: head (femur)$uDescription: smooth, rounded proximal end Notes: the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis [  Structure: fovea capitis femorisDescription: a shallow pit in the head of the femur Notes: it is the attachment site of the ligamentum capitis femoris; a small artery for supply of the head is found within this ligament[FStructure: neck (femur)$Description: the constricted area distal to the head of the femur Notes: most of the blood supply to the head of the femur courses along the surface of the neck; fractures of the neck of the femur may result in avascular necrosis of the head  %Structure: greater trochanter (femur)$&  Description: a large process that projects superiorly from the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur Notes: the greater trochanter is the insertion site of the gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., piriformis m. and obturator internus m.b~ %   %Structure: gluteal tuberosity (femur)$&  Description: a roughened area located on the posterior surface of the femur at the superior end of the lateral lip of the linea aspera Notes: it is one of the insertion sites of the gluteus maximus m.,y 7 $Structure: lesser trochanter (femur)$%  Description: a large process that projects from the posteromedial surface of the femur just distal to neck Notes: it is the insertion site of the common tendon of the psoas major and iliacus mm. (iliopsoas m.)P3e   %Structure: trochanteric fossa (femur)$&  Description: a depression on the medial side of the greater trochanter on its posterior surface where the greater trochanter joins the neck Notes: it is the insertion site of the obturator internus m., superior gemellus m. and inferior gemellus m.b; + 6   )Structure: intertrochanteric line (femur)$*# Description: a ridge on the anterior surface of the femur that connects the greater and lesser trochanters Notes: it is the line of attachment of the fibrous joint capsule_ B *Structure: intertrochanteric crest (femur)$+$ Description: a heavy ridge on the posterior surface of the femur that connects the greater and lesser trochanters Notes: the quadratus femoris m. inserts on the intertrochanteric crest>f  !Structure: body (femur)$Description: the long slender shaft of the femur Notes: the linea aspera runs the entire length of the posterior surface of the body; =Structure: linea aspera (femur)$   Description: a vertical ridge on posterior surface of the femur Notes: it is the insertion site of the medial (adductor) group of thigh muscles and the origin of the vastus intermedius m. and the short head of the biceps femoris m.,$$Structure: adductor tubercle (femur)$%Description: a process that projects superior to the medial epicondyle of the femur Notes: it is the insertion site of the ischiocondylar part of the adductor magnus m.>; 5$Structure: medial epicondyle (femur)$%  Description: the enlargement of bone on the medial side of the femur just superior to the medial condyle Notes: it is the attachment site of the tibial collateral ligament of the knee joint,a('%Structure: lateral epicondyle (femur)$&  Description: the enlargement of bone on the lateral side of the femur just superior to the lateral condyle Notes: it is the attachment site of the fibular collateral ligament and the site of origin of the popliteus m.,cb !Structure: medial condyle (femur)$" Description: the rounded inferior end of the femur on the medial side Notes: it articulates with the medial condyle of the tibiak"Structure: lateral condyle (femur)$# Description: the rounded inferior end of the femur on the lateral side Notes: it articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibiam&Structure: intercondylar fossa (femur)$'   Description: the deep depression on the posterior surface of the femur between the condyles Notes: the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located here,S" :8#Structure: patellar surface (femur)$$Description: the smooth anterior surface at the inferior end of the femur Notes: it articulates with the posterior surface the patella BONE: patella$5Description: the bone that forms the knee cap Notes: the patella is a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle; it provides a protective function by withstanding the grinding forces of the quadriceps femoris tendon against the patellar surface of the femur, especially in full knee flexion66>E %`S BONE: tibia$ jDescription: the bone on the medial side of the leg Notes: the tibia is the weight-bearing bone of the leg#!Structure: medial condyle (tibia)$"Description: the heavy prominence on the medial side of the proximal end of the tibia Notes: the medial condyle articulates with the medial condyle of the femur; it is larger than the lateral condyle of the tibia>g,$"Structure: lateral condyle (tibia)$# Description: the heavy prominence on the lateral side of the proximal end of the tibia Notes: the lateral condyle articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur and with the head of the fibula,i.%)Structure: intercondylar eminence (tibia)$*# Description: the ridge of bone on the proximal end of the tibia that projects between the condyles Notes: the intercondylar eminence has a medial and a lateral tubercle; it is the attachment site for the cruciate ligaments, medial meniscus and lateral meniscus>Z P 1&$Structure: tibial tuberosity (tibia)$%  Description: the roughened protuberance on the anterior surface of the tibia located just distal to the condyles Notes: it is the attachment site of the patellar ligament, which represents the insertion of the quadriceps femoris tendon,hl'Structure: body (tibia)$Description: the long, robust shaft of the tibia Notes: the medial surface of the body of the tibia is subcutaneous throughout its length; when the shin is painfully bumped, the nerve endings are stimulated in the periosteum covering the body of the tibia  (&Structure: interosseous border (tibia)$'  Description: the sharp ridge that runs longitudinally along the junction of the lateral surface and the posterior surface of the tibia Notes: the interosseous membrane attaches to the interosseous border of the tibia,  ;9Structure: soleal line (tibia)$ Description: a ridge of bone that descends obliquely from lateral to medial on the posterior surface of the tibia Notes: it is the site of origin of the soleus m.<:#Structure: medial malleolus (tibia)$$  Description: the large bony prominence on the medial side of the ankle Notes: the medial malleolus of the tibia forms the medial side of the ankle joint; it articulates with the medial surface of the talusX l  BONE: fibula$ Description: the slender bone on the lateral side of the leg Notes: the fibula is not a weight-bearing bone, it is a muscle attachment bone !)Structure: head (fibula)$Description: the enlarged proximal end of the fibula Notes: it articulates with the lateral condyle of tibia; the fibular collateral ligament of the knee attaches to the head of the fibula[Z"*Structure: neck (fibula)$Description: the constricted portion of the fibula located just inferior to the head Notes: fractures of the neck of the fibula can injure the common fibular n. #+Structure: body (fibula)$Description: the long slender shaft of the fibula Notes: the interosseous membrane attaches to the entire length of the interosseous border of the fibula,< . $,'Structure: interosseous border (fibula)$(  Description: the sharp ridge that runs longitudinally along the medial surface of the fibula Notes: the interosseous membrane attaches to the interosseous border of the fibula,g  %-%Structure: lateral malleolus (fibula)$&  QDescription: the enlarged distal end of the fibula Notes: the lateral malleolus of the fibula forms the lateral side of the ankle joint; it articulates with the lateral surface of the talus; forcible lateral displacement of the foot can cause the fibula to fracture superior to the lateral malleolus, a condition called a Pott's fractureRR>E   &BONE: tarsal bones$ Description: the bones of the ankle Notes: there are seven tarsal bones: talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid>O  ?'  BONE: talus$ Description: the most proximal of the tarsal bones Notes: the talus articulates with the medial malleolus of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the fibula to form the ankle mortise joint,_  /(.Structure: body (tarsal bones)$ Description: the proximal part of the talus Notes: its superior (trochlear) part participates in the ankle joint and its inferior part articulates with the calcaneus,A R )/"Structure: trochlea (tarsal bones)$#  Description: the superior portion of the body of the talus that lies between the two malleoli Notes: it has a smooth articular surface; it participates in the formation of the ankle joint,U >*0Structure: head (tarsal bones)$ lDescription: the portion of the talus that projects anteriorly Notes: it articulates with the navicular bone,4  +1Structure: neck (tarsal bones)$ KDescription: the constricted part of the talus located proximal to the head, BONE: calcaneus$  Description: the tarsal bone which forms the heel Notes: it is the largest and strongest bone in the foot; a fracture of the calcaneus which separates the tuberosity from the body can be a debilitating injury,|  ,-2+Structure: calcaneal tuberosity (calcaneus)$,! ,  Description: the posterior roughened area of the calcaneus which contacts the ground during weight-bearing Notes: it is the insertion site of the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon,0 W .3)Structure: sustentaculum tali (calcaneus)$* ,  Description: the shelf-like medial projection of bone located inferior to the medial malleolus Notes: it is a shelf of bone that articulates with and supports the talus; it is grooved inferiorly by the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus m. ,U / BONE: navicular$  NDescription: the tarsal bone located distal to the talus and proximal to the three cuneiform bones Notes: it articulates with the head of the talus and all three cuneiform bones; it is the attachment site for an important ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular or "spring" ligament) that supports the medial longitudinal arch of the footOON0 BONE: cuneiform, medial$Description: the most medial bone in the distal row of tarsal bones Notes: the cuneiform bones articulate with the navicular bone proximally and the bases of the metatarsal bones distallyr @1 BONE: cuneiform, middle$Description: the intermediate bone of the three cuneiform bones Notes: the cuneiform bones articulate with the navicular bone proximally and the bases of the metatarsal bones distallyn @2BONE: cuneiform, lateral$Description: the bone that is located between the middle cuneiform and the cuboid bone Notes: the cuneiform bones articulate with the navicular bone proximally and the bases of the metatarsal bones distally,J4 @3 BONE: cuboid$ Description: the most lateral bone in the distal row of tarsal bones Notes: the cuboid bone articulates with the calcaneus proximally and the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones distally,O ?4BONE: metatarsals$ |Description: the bones located between the tarsal bones and the phalanges Notes: there are five metatarsal bones in the foot54Structure: base (metatarsals)$ iDescription: the proximal end of the metatarsal Notes: it articulates with the distal row of tarsal bones=;Structure: body (metatarsals)$ YDescription: the slender shaft of the metatarsal Notes: it is also known as the diaphysisP ><Structure: head (metatarsals)$ Description: the rounded distal end of the metatarsal Notes: it articulates with the proximal phalanx of the corresponding digit 6BONE: phalanx (phalanges)$$Description: the distal two or three bones in the digits of the foot Notes: there are a total of 14 phalanges in the foot; the great toe has two phalanges (proximal and distal) and each of the other four toes has three phalanges (proximal, middle and distal); phalanx means "line of soldiers"75Structure: base (phalanges)$ Description: the proximal end of the phalanx Notes: the base of the proximal phalanx articulates with the head of the corresponding metatarsal bone; the base of the middle or distal phalanx articulates with the head of the next most proximal phalanx86Structure: body (phalanges)$ ~Description: the slender shaft of the phalanx Notes: also known as the diaphysis; the body of the distal phalanx is very shortF /97Structure: head (phalanges)$ Description: the distal end of the phalanx Notes: the proximal, middle and distal phalanges each have a head; the head of a proximal or middle phalanx articulates with the base of the next most distal phalanx@=THE END  ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> 0 $(    6m P  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0p   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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Moore, MGCCC       .--y`H-- @Times New Roman- .2  ANATOMY & 040,4@,8. .2 PHYSIOLOGY,8,(4,44,.--9qHH-- @Times New Roman- .*2 zBONES OF THE LOWER LIMB"" " ! ", *.@Times New Roman- .:2 "Left click your mouse to continue.        .--"System-&TNPP &9 ՜.+,0T     On-screen ShowMGCCCee8< >Times New RomanDefault DesignANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY DIRECTIONS BONE: femurStructure: head (femur)!Structure: fovea capitis femorisStructure: neck (femur)&Structure: greater trochanter (femur)&Structure: gluteal tuberosity (femur)%Structure: lesser trochanter (femur)&Structure: trochanteric fossa (femur)*Structure: intertrochanteric line (femur)+Structure: intertrochanteric crest (femur)Structure: body (femur) Structure: linea aspera (femur)%Structure: adductor tubercle (femur)%Structure: medial epicondyle (femur)&Structure: lateral epicondyle (femur)"Structure: medial condyle (femur)#Structure: lateral condyle (femur)'Structure: intercondylar fossa (femur)$Structure: patellar surface (femur)BONE: patella BONE: tibia"Structure: medial condyle (tibia)#Structure: lateral condyle (tibia)*Structure: intercondylar eminence (tibia)%Structure: tibial tuberosity (tibia)Structure: body (tibia)'Structure: interosseous border (tibia)Structure: soleal line (tibia)$Structure: medial malleolus (tibia) BONE: fibulaStructure: head (fibula)Structure: neck (fibula)Structure: body (fibula)(Structure: interosseous border (fibula)&Structure: lateral malleolus (fibula)BONE: tarsal bones BONE: talusStructure: body (tarsal bones)#Structure: trochlea (tarsal bones)Structure: head (tarsal bones)Structure: neck (tarsal bones)BONE: calcaneus,Structure: calcaneal tuberosity (calcaneus)*Structure: sustentaculum tali (calcaneus)BONE: navicularBONE: cuneiform, medialBONE: cuneiform, middleBONE: cuneiform, lateral BONE: cuboidBONE: metatarsalsStructure: base (metatarsals)Structure: body (metatarsals)Structure: head (metatarsals)BONE: phalanx (phalanges)Structure: base (phalanges)Structure: body (phalanges)Structure: head (phalanges)THE END  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles<"_ wTara MooreTara Moore  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz|}~Root EntrydO)Current UserSummaryInformation({PowerPoint Document(8DocumentSummaryInformation8