Perk Learning Lab, MGCCC
GENERAL
CHEMISTRY, 5th ed., Whitten,
Davis & Peck
Chapter 6 Review Quiz
______ 1) The outermost electrons have the least influence on the properties of elements.
______ 2) Within a group of representative elements, atomic radii increase from top to bottom as electrons are added to higher energy levels.
______ 3) The two major contributors to acid rain are oxides of sulfur and nitrogen.
______ 4) The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
______ 5) As we move from left to right across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii of representative elements decrease as a proton is added to a particular energy level.
______ 6) The d-transition elements contain electrons in both the ns and (n-1)d orbitals, but not in the np orbitals.
______ 7) It is always more difficult to remove an electron from a neutral atom than from a corresponding positively charged ion.
______ 8) Elements with high ionization energies lose electrons easily to form cations.
______ 9) Ionization energies measure how tightly electrons are bound to atoms.
______ 10) As atomic radii increase in a given group, first ionization energies decrease because the outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus.
______ 11) It requires more energy to remove the first p electron than to remove the second s electron from the same principal energy level.
______ 12) It takes less energy to remove an unpaired electron from a VA element (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) than to remove a paired electron from a VIA element (O, S, Se, Te, Po) in the same period.
______ 13) Elements with very negative electron affinities gain electrons easily to form negative ions.
______ 14) Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a –1 charge.
______ 15) Due to the high energy required, simple monatomic cations with charges greater than +3 do not form under ordinary circumstances.
______ 16) Elements with ______ ionization energies form ionic compounds by losing electrons to form ______.
a. low, anions
b. intermediate, cations
c. high, molecular compounds
d. low, cations
e. high, anions
______ 17) Elements with ______ ionizations energies generally form ______ by sharing electrons with other elements.
a. low, anions
b. intermediate, cations
c. intermediate, molecular compounds
d. low, cations
e. high, molecular compounds
______ 18) Elements with ______ ionization energies often gain electrons to form______.
a. low, cations
b. intermediate, cations
c. intermediate, anions
d. low, molecular compounds
e. high, anions
______ 19) Electron affinities of ______ are always positive.
a. cations
b. anions
c. molecular compounds
d. ions
e. compounds
______ 20) Simple positively charged ions are always ______ the neutral atoms from which they formed.
a. Smaller than
b. Larger than
c. Equal to
______ 21) Simple negatively charged ions are always ______ the neutral atoms from which they are formed.
a. Smaller than
b. Larger than
c. Equal to
______ 22) Within an isoelectronic series of ions, ionic radii ______ with ______ atomic number because of ______ nuclear charge.
a. increase, decreasing, increasing
b. decrease, decreasing, decreasing
c. decrease, increasing, increasing
d. increase, increasing, increasing
e. increase, increasing, decreasing
______ 23) Elements with high electronegativities often ______ electrons to form
______.
a. gain, cations
b. gain, anions
c. lose, cations
d. lose, anions
______ 24) Elements with low electronegativities often ______ electrons to form
______.
a. gain, cations
b. gain, anions
c. lose, cations
d. lose, anions
______ 25) For the representative elements, electronegativities usually increase from
______ across periods and from ______ within groups.
a. left to right, bottom to top
b. right to left, bottom to top
c. left to right, top to bottom
d. top to bottom, left to right
e. bottom to top, right to left
______ 26) As we move across the periodic table, atoms ______ due to increasing effective nuclear charge.
a. become smaller
b. become larger
c. stay the same
______ 27) As we move from left to right across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii of ______ elements ______ as a proton is added to the nucleus and an electron is added to a particular energy level.
a. transition, increase
b. representative, decrease
c. representative, increase
d. transition, decrease
e. alkali metals, increase
______ 28) All ______ elements have smaller radii than the preceding ______ elements in the same period.
a. group IA and IIA, transition
b. transition, group IIIA and IVA
c. group IA and IIIA, group IVA and VA
d. transition, group IA and IIA
e. lanthanide, transition
______ 29) Ionization energies measure how tightly ______ are bound to ______.
a. electrons, anions
b. atoms, electrons
c. electrons, atoms
d. cations, anions
e. anions, electrons
______ 30) The convention is to assign a ______ value when energy is ______ and a ______ value when energy is ______.
a. negative, absorbed, positive, released
b. neutral, released, negative, absorbed
c. positive, released, neutral, absorbed
d. positive, absorbed, negative, released
______ 31) The addition of a second electron to a –1 anion to form an ion with a –2 charge is always ______. Thus electron affinities of anions are always ______.
a. endothermic, negative
b. exothermic, negative
c. endothermic, positive
d. exothermic, positive
______ 32) Simple positively charged ions are always ______ the neutral atoms from which they are formed.
a. smaller than
b. larger than
c. stay the same as
______ 33) Simple negatively charged ions are always ______ the neutral atoms from which they are formed.
a. smaller than
b. larger than
c. stay the same as
______ 34) Within an isoelectronic series of ions, ionic radii ______ with ______ atomic number because of increasing nuclear charge.
a. decrease, decreasing
b. decrease, increasing
c. increase, increasing
d. increase, decreasing
______ 35) Elements with high electronegativities, ______, often ______ electrons to form anions.
a. metals, gain
b. metals, lose
c. nonmetals, gain
d. nonmetals, lose
e. metalloids, lose
______ 36) Elements with low electronegativities, ______, often ______ electrons to form cations.
a. metals, gain
b. metals, lose
c. nonmetals, gain
d. nonmetals, lose
e. metalloids, lose
______ 37) For the representative elements, electronegativities usually ______ from left to right across periods and from bottom to top within groups.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. are constant
______ 38) ______ are all basic because hydride ions react with water to form hydroxide ions.
a. ionic oxides
b. ionic hydrides
c. molecular oxides
d. molecular hydrides
______ 39) Hydrogen reacts with nonmetals to form binary ______.
a. ionic oxides
b. ionic hydrides
c. molecular oxides
d. molecular hydrides
______ 40) In general, metallic oxides (including peroxides and superoxides) are ______.
a. radicals
b. catalysts
c. basic anhydrides
d. acidic anhydrides
e. ionic solids
______ 41) The tendency of the group IA metals to form oxygen-rich compounds ______ as the group is ______.
a. decreases, descended
b. decreases, ascended
c. increases, ascended
d. increased, descended
______ 42) With the exception of Be, the group IIA metals react with oxygen at moderate temperatures to form ______ and at high pressures of oxygen the heavier ones form ______.
______ 43) Metals that exhibit variable oxidation states react with a limited amount of oxygen to give ______ oxides.
a. lower oxidation states
b. higher oxidation states
c. the same oxidation state of
______ 44) Metals that exhibit variable oxidation states react with excess oxygen to give ______ oxides.
a. lower oxidation states
b. higher oxidation states
c. the same oxidation state of
a. Noble Gases
b. Alkaline earth metals
c. Peroxide
d. Salt
e. Water
f. Superoxide
g. Metal hydroxide
h. Ternary acid
i. f-Transition
j. Hydrocarbons
k. Basic anhydride
l. Carbon dioxide
m. Alkaline metals
n. Representative elements
o. Acid anhydride
p. Nonmetal oxide
q. Halogen
______ 45) Nearly all oxides of nonmetals react with water to give solutions of ______.
______ 46) Fossil fuels are mixtures of variable composition that consist primarily of
______.
______ 47) Oxides of metals
______ 48) Name the group that contains the element fluorine
______ 49) Metal oxide + nonmetal oxide à
______ 50) O2-2
______ 51) Metal oxide + water à
______ 52) Name the group that contains the element beryllium
______ 53) Nonmetal oxide + water à
______ 54) Name the group that contains the element argon
______ 55) Complete combustion of hydrocarbons yield ( 2 answers)
56) Identify the acid anhydrides of the following ternary acids:
a) HNO2 b) H2CO3 c) H3AsO4
57) Identify the basic anhydrides of the following metal hydroxides:
a) Fe(OH)2 b)
Al(OH)3 c)
NaOH
1) False, the outermost electrons have the greatest influence on the properties of elements.
2) True
3) True
4) True
5) True
6) True
7) False, it is always more difficult to remove an electron from a positively charged ion than from the corresponding neutral atom.
8) False, elements with low ionization energies lose electrons easily to form cations.
9) True
10) True
11) False, it requires less energy to remove the first p electron than to remove the second s electron from the same principal energy level because an ns orbital is lower in energy (more stable) than an np orbital.
12) False, it takes less energy to remove a paired electron from a VIA element (O, S, Se, Te, Po) than to remove an unpaired p electron from VA element (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) in the same period.
13) True
14) False, electron affinity is the amount of energy absorbed when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a –1 charge.
15) True 36) b 56a) N2O3
16) d 37) a 56b) CO2
17) c 38) b 56c) As2O5
18) d 39) d 57a) FeO
19) b 40) e 57b) Al2O3
20) a 41) d 57c) Na2O
21) b 42) b
22) c 43) a
23) b 44) b
24) c 45) h
25) a 46) j
26) a 47) k
27) b 48) q
28) d 49) d
29) c 50) c
30) d 51) g
31) c 52) b
32) a 53) h
33) b 54) a
34) b 55) l and e
35) c